Perturbative QCD with Quark and Gluon Condensates

QCD perturbation theory using quark and gluon propagators that have an extra term at zero four-momentum is equivalent to standard PQCD in the presence of massless quark and gluon pairs in the perturbative vacuum. We verify at low orders in perturbation theory that $\neq 0$ and that quarks acquire a constituent mass. Thus chiral symmetry is spontaneously broken, and the conservation of the axial vector current ensures a massless pion. The gluon pairs generate an $$ expectation value and a tachyonic gluon mass. Lorentz and gauge symmetry is preserved, and the short-distance structure of PQCD is unaffected. The modified perturbative expansion thus contains relevant elements of QCD at both short and long distances.Comment: 12 pages, 2 figure

Exploring effects of strong interactions in enhancing masses of dynamical origin

A previous study of the dynamical generation of masses in massless QCD is considered from another viewpoint. The quark mass is assumed to have a dynamical origin and is substituted by a scalar field without self-interaction. The potential for the new field background is evaluated up to two loops. Expressing the running coupling in terms of the scale parameter $\mu$, the potential minimum is chosen to fix $m_{top}=175$ $GeV$ when $\mu_0=498$ $MeV$. The second derivative of the potential predicts a scalar field mass of 126.76 $GeV$. This number is close to the value 114 $GeV$ which, preliminary data taken at CERN, suggested to be associated with the Higgs particle. However, the simplifying assumptions limit the validity of the calculations done, as indicated by the large value of $\alpha=\frac {g^2}{4\pi}=1.077$ obtained. However, supporting statements about the possibility of improving the scheme come from the necessary inclusion of weak and scalar field couplings and mass counterterms in the renormalization procedure, in common with the seemingly needed consideration of the massive W and Z fields, if the real conditions of the SM model are intended to be approached.Comment: 10 pages, 4 figures, a numerical error was corrected as well as the values of the estimated parameters which it determined. The discussion and arguments were also improve

Non-reciprocity and heat transfer in far from equilibrium processes

A non-reciprocal phonon model for microwave or optical isolators is considered. It gives a simpler framework to further investigate the formerly argued possibility for a heat transfer between black bodies at common temperatures. While the non-dissipative device retains the Detailed Balance property, the presence of dissipation breaks it. This property allows a net transfer of heat between the two black bodies at common temperatures, whenever the absorptive elements are at lower temperatures than the one being common to the bodies.Comment: 6 pages,3 figures, contribution sent to the I International Conference on Quantum Limits of the Second Law (29-31 July, 2002), University of San Diego, San Diego, C